Area sown more than once in an agricultural year plus net sown area is known as gross cropped area.

Land used for grazing cattle and livestock are known as Pasture land. The land under permanent pasture has also decreased.

Total geographical area of India is 3.28 million sq km. Land use data, however, is available only for 93 per cent of the total geographical area because the land use reporting for most of the north-east states except Assam has not been done fully.

Deforestation due to mining is the main cause of land degradation in states like Jharkhand, Chhattisgarh, Madhya Pradesh and Orissa.

Plantation of trees on a large scalp to check soil erosion termed as Afforestation .There are many ways to solve the problems of land degradation. Afforestation and proper management of grazing can help to some extent.

Soil Profile is arrangement of soil in different layers or horizons. On the basis of the factors responsible for soil formation, colour, thickness, texture, age, chemical and physical properties, the soils of India can be classified in different types.

Black soils are black in colour and are also known as regur soils. Black soil is ideal for growing cotton and is also known as black cotton soil.

Black soils are black in colour and are also known as regur soils. This type of soil is typical of the Deccan trap (Basalt) region spread over northwest Deccan plateau and is made up of lava flows.

‘Laterite’ has been derived from the Greek word ‘later’ which means bricks. The laterite soil develops in areas with high temperature and heavy rainfall.

Deforestation due to mining is the main cause of land degradation in states like Jharkhand, Chhattisgarh, Madhya Pradesh and Orissa.