To organise business interests, they formed the Indian Industrial and Commercial Congress in 1920 and the Federation of the Indian Chamber of Commerce and Industries (FICCI) in 1927.

In 1930, Sir Muhammad Iqbal, as president of the Muslim League, reiterated the importance of separate electorates for the Muslims as an important safeguard for their minority political interests.

Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyay in 1870, by writing the song “Vande Mataram” and later including it in his novel ‘Anand Math’ had created the image of Bharat Mata as an identity of india.

The two great writers of Bengal and Madras, who contributed to nationalism in the late nineteenth century through folklore, were Rabindra Nath tagore and Natesa Sastri

Dr B.R. Ambedkar, was the leader of dalits and the association formed by him was the Depressed Classes Association in 1930.

The clash with Dr Ambedkar over his demand for a separate electorate for Dalits which he thought would halt their integration into society, led mahatma Gandhi to do fast unto death in 1932.

Ambedkar accepted Gandhiji’s position and the result was the Poona Pact of September 1932. It gave the Depressed reserved seats in provincial and central legislative councils.

In Madras, Natesa Sastri published a massive four-volume collection of Tamil folk tales, The Folklore of Southern India.

Ambedkar accepted Gandhiji’s position and the result was the Poona Pact of September 1932. It gave the Depressed Classes the reserved seats in provincial and central legislative councils, but they were to be voted in by the general electorate.

At the time of Non-cooperation movement foreign goods were boycotted as the symbol of foreign trade and it begins with the surrender of titles that the government awarded, and a boycott of civil services, army, police, courts and legislative councils and schools.